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ÁÒµÃÒ 12ਵ¹ÒãËé’ÊѺʹ’ ¨ÃÔ§?ËÃ×ÍäÁèÃÙé



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 “ÊÔ·¸Ô»¯Ôàʸ¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒã¹ÇÒÃÐÊØ´·éÒ¢ͧªÕÇÔµ”¹Óä»â§¡ÑºÈÒʹҤÃÔʵì áÅСѺ¤ÓÇèÒ “Euthana sia”áÅзÓãËé¹èÒ¡ÅÑÇÁÒ¡ÂÔ觢Öé¹´éÇ¡ÒÃá»ÅÇèÒ Mercy Killing ËÃ×ÍÀÒÉÒä·ÂÇèÒ “¡ÒÃس¦ҵ”¡ÅÒÂà»ç¹”¡ÒæèÒ´éǤÇÒÁ¡ÃسҔ «Öè§äÁèÁÕªÒµÔã´ÈÒʹÒã´·ÕèàËç¹´éÇ¡Ѻ “¡ÒæèÒ¤¹” áµèàÁ×èÍà¡Ô´Ê§¤ÃÒÁ¡çÁÕ¤¹µÒ¨ӹǹÁÒ¡·Õèà¡Ô´¨Ò¡ “¡Òæèҡѹ” â´ÂªÒµÔ·Õè¦èҡѹºÍ¡ÇèÒà»ç¹¡Òû¡»éͧ͸ԻäµÂ¢Í§ªÒµÔ »¡»éͧµ¹àͧ à»ç¹ÊÔ·¸ÔÍѹªÍº¸ÃÃÁ
 ÁÕ¡®ËÁÒÂÃͧÃѺ¡Ò÷Óʧ¤ÃÒÁ ·Õè·ÓãËéà¡Ô´¡ÒõÒ à¡Ô´¡Òæèҡѹ ÈÒʹÒàͧ¡çäÁèä´é¶×ÍÇèÒ¹Ñ蹤×Í¡ÒæèÒ¤¹ áµè¶×ÍÇèÒà»ç¹¡Òû¡»éͧµ¹àͧ »¡»éͧ»ÃЪҪ¹¢Í§µ¹àͧ »¡»éͧ·ÃѾÂìÊÔ¹ ´Ô¹á´¹ ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¡ÒÃä»Ãºã¹¹ÒÁ¢Í§ÈÒʹÒÍÂèҧʧ¤ÃÒÁ¤ÃÙàÊ´ áÅСÒÃúÊÙé´éÇÂÍØ´Á¤µÔ·Ò§ÈÒʹÒã¹ËÅÒ»ÃÐà·È㹻Ѩ¨ØºÑ¹ äÁèÁÕ ÈÒʹÒã´àËç¹´éÇ¡Ѻ¡ÒæèÒ¤¹ äÁèÇèÒ¤¹Í×è¹ËÃ×͵ÑÇàͧ áµè¶éÒËÒ¡ÁÕ¤¹¨Ðà¢éÒÁÒ·ÓÃéÒÂËÃ×ÍàÍÒªÕÇÔµàÃÒ
àÃÒ¡çÁÕÊÔ·¸Ô»éͧ¡Ñ¹µÑÇ ¶éÒËҡ㹡Òûéͧ¡Ñ¹µÑǹÑé¹ ·ÓãË餹·Õè¨Ðà¢éÒÁÒ·ÓÃéÒµÒ ÈÒʹÒáÅкéÒ¹àÁ×ͧ¡çäÁèä´é¶×ÍÇèÒà»ç¹¡ÒæèÒ¤¹ áµèà»ç¹¡Òûéͧ¡Ñ¹µÑÇ ËÃ×ÍÍÒ¨àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ “¦èÒ¤¹â´ÂäÁèਵ¹Ò”äÁèºÒ» äÁèÁÕâ·ÉÈÒʹҤÃÔʵì¹Ô¡ÒÂâÃÁѹ¤Ò·ÍÅÔ¡µè͵éÒ¹ »ÃгÒÁ¡Ò÷Óá·é§ ¶×ÍÇèÒà»ç¹¡Òà “¦èÒ¤¹” ·ÕèºÃÔÊØ·¸Ôì áÁéÇèÒ¨ÐÁÕ¡Òö¡à¶Õ§ÇèÒ ªÕÇÔµ»¯Ôʹ¸ÔËÃ×Íà¡Ô´¢Öé¹àÁ×èÍã´ ¡ÕèÇѹ ¡Õèà´×͹ áµè¡ÃйÑ鹡çÁÕ “ªèͧ”ãËéÊÒÁÒö “·Óä´é”㹡óշÕèµéͧªèǪÕÇÔµáÁè áÅÐ㹡Ò÷Óàªè¹¹Ñé¹·ÓãËéà´ç¡ã¹¤ÃÃÀìàÊÕªÕÇÔµ¤Ò·ÍÅÔ¡äÁè¶×ÍÇèÒà»ç¹¡Ò÷Óá·é§ áµèà»ç¹¡ÒêèǪÕÇÔµáÁè äÁèãªèà»éÒËÁÒÂ(end) ËÃ×Íà¤Ã×èͧÁ×Í (means) áµèà»ç¹¼Å¾Ç§ (consequence-side ¤Ò·ÍÅÔ¡äÁè¶×ÍÇèÒà»ç¹¡Ò÷Óá·é§ áµèà»ç¹¡ÒêèǪÕÇÔµáÁè äÁèãªèà»éÒËÁÒÂ(end) ËÃ×Íà¤Ã×èͧÁ×Í (means) áµèà»ç¹¼Å¾Ç§ (consequence-side effect) äÁèãªè¡ÒæèÒ äÁèãªè¡Ò÷Óá·é§ ÈÒʹ¨Ñ¡Ã ¤Ò·ÍÅÔ¡ÁÕ·èҷժѴਹµÅÍ´ÁÒà¡ÕèÂǡѺ¡Ò÷Óá·é§áÅÐeuthanasia â´Âã¹»Õ 1980 ÁÕ Declaration on Euthanasia
¢Í§¡ÃзÃǧ¤ÓÊ͹ÇèÒ´éǤÇÒÁàª×èÍ áÅÐã¹»Õ 2003 ËÅÑ¡¤ÓÊ͹(Catechism) ÇÃä·Õè 2778 ºÍ¡äÇéÇèÒ “¡Òà ËÂØ´¡Ãкǹ¡Ò÷ҧ¡ÒÃá¾·Âì·Õèà»ç¹ÀÒÇÐÍѹµÃÒ à¡Ô¹¸ÃÃÁ´ÒËÃ×ÍäÁèàËÁÒÐÊÁ¡Ñº¼Å·Õè¤ÇÃä´éÃѺ¶×ÍÇèÒà»ç¹ÊÔ觪ͺ¸ÃÃÁ à»ç¹¡Òû¯Ôàʸ¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒ·Õè ‘à¡Ô¹ä»’·Õè¹ÕèäÁèãªèµéͧ¡ÒÃãËéà¡Ô´¡ÒõÒÂà»ç¹¡ÒÃÂÍÁÃѺ¤ÇÒÁäÁèÊÒÁÒö·Õè¨Ð »éͧ¡Ñ¹¡ÒõÒÂÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ ¡ÒõѴÊԹ㨤ÇáÃзÓâ´Â¼Ùé»èǶéÒËÒ¡ÂѧµÑ´ÊÔ¹ã¨ä´é äÁèàªè¹¹Ñ鹡 çâ´Â¼Ùé·ÕèÁÕÊÔ·¸ÔµÒÁ¡®ËÁÒ·Õè¨ÐµÑ´ÊÔ¹ã¨á·¹¼Ùé»èÇ â´Âà¤Òþ¤ÇÒÁ»ÃÐʧ¤ì·ÕèÁÕà˵ؼÅáÅмŻÃÐ⪹ì·ÕèªÍº¸ÃÃÁ¢Í§¼Ùé»èÇ” (2278: Discontinuing medical procedures that are burdensome, danger ous, extraordinary, or disproportionate to the expected outcome can be legi timate; it is the refusal of “overzealous” treatment. Here one does not will to cause death; one’s inability to impede it is merely accepted. The decisions should be made by the patient if he is competent and able or, if not, by those legally entitled to act for the patient, whose reasonable will and legitimate interests must always be respected.)
ÍèÒ¹»ÃÐ⤹ÕéãËé´Õ “äÁèãªèµéͧ¡ÒÃãËéà¡Ô´¡ÒõÒ à»ç¹¡ÒÃÂÍÁÃѺ¤ÇÒÁäÁèÊÒÁÒö·Õè¨Ð»éͧ¡Ñ¹¡ÒõÒÂÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ”áÅéǨÐà¢éÒ㨷Õèä´é à»ÃÕºà·Õº¡Ñº¡Òà “ªèÇÂáÁèáµè·ÓãËéÅÙ¡á·é§” “»éͧ¡Ñ¹¤¹ÁÒ·ÓÃéÒ áµè·ÓãË餹¹Ñé¹µÒ”ÇèÒäÁèãªè¡ÒæèÒÈÒʹҤÃÔʵì¹Ô¡ÒÂÅÙà¸ÍÃѹã¹ÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò ÁÕ·èҷժѴਹÁÒ¡à¡ÕèÂǡѺàÃ×èͧ¹Õé â´Âá¶Å§¡Òóìã¹»Õ 1992 ºÍ¡äÇéâ´ÂÅÐàÍÕ´ÇèÒ ¼Ùé»èÇÂËÃ×ͼÙéá·¹·Ò§¡Òâͧ¼Ùé»èÇÂÊÒÁÒöàÅÔ¡ËÃ×Ͷ͹¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒ·ÕèàËç¹ÇèÒà»ç¹ ÀÒÃÐâ´ÂäÁè¨Óà»ç¹áÅÐäÁèÊÒÁÒö»éͧ¡Ñ¹¤ÇÒÁµÒÂä´é (When medical judgment determines that artificially-administered nutrition and hydration will not contribute to an improvement in the patient’s underlying condition or prevent death from that condition, patients or their legal spokespersons may consi der them unduly burdensome treatment. In these circumstances it may be morally responsible to withhold or withdraw them and allow death to occur. Because competent patients are the prime decision-makers,they may refuse treatment recommended by health care professionals when they do not believe the benefits outweigh the risks and burdens. This is also the case for patients who are incompetent, but who have identified their wishes through advance directives, living wills,and/or conversation with family or designated surrogates.) ÈÒʹҤÃÔʵì¹Ô¡ÒÂÍÍÃì ¸Í´çÍ¡«ì«Öè§ÍÒ¨¨Ð͹ØÃѡɹÔÂÁ¡ÇèÒ·Ø¡¹Ô¡Ò¡çÂѧáÊ´§¨Ø´Â×¹·ÕèªÑ´à¨¹àªè¹¡Ñ¹ ÇèÒäÁèãªèÇèҨеéͧ·Ó·Ø¡ÇÔ¶Õ·Ò§à¾×èÍÂ×´ªÕÇÔµ¢Í§¼Ùé»èÇ áÁéÇѹ¹Õé¨ÐÁÕà·¤â¹âÅÂÕ·Ò§¡ÒÃá¾·Âì¡éÒÇ˹éÒ (The Church does not expect that excessive and heroic means must be used at all costs to prolong dying, as has now become possible through technical medical advances.The Church may even pray that terminally ill persons die, without insisting that they be subjected to unnecessary and extraordinary medical efforts.)medical efforts.) ÈÒÊ¹Ò ¤ÃÔʵìàª×èÍÇèÒ¾ÃÐà¨éҷçà»ç¹à¨éҢͧªÕÇÔµ ¤¹àÃÒà»ç¹à¾Õ§¼Ùé´ÙáŪÕÇÔµ·Õè¾ÃÐͧ¤ì·Ã§»ÃзҹãËé äÁèÁÕÊÔ·¸Ô¡Ó˹´¡ÒÃÊÔé¹ÊØ´ªÕÇÔµ¢Í§µ¹àͧ ¡Ò÷ÕèªÒǤÃÔʵ줹˹Ö觨зÓ˹ѧÊ×ÍáÊ´§à¨µ¹Ò»¯Ôàʸ¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒ·ÕèäÁè¨Óà»ç¹¨Ö§ à»ç¹ÊÔ·¸Ô·Õè¡ÃзÓä´é à¾ÃÒÐäÁèãªè¡ÒæèÒµÑǵÒ ËÃ×Í¡Ò÷Ó˹ѧÊ×Íà¾×èÍãË餹Í×è¹ (á¾·ÂìËÃ×Íã¤Ã¡çµÒÁ) ªèÇ·ÓãËéµÒ ˹ѧÊ×Í áÊ´§à¨µ¹ÒäÁè»ÃÐʧ¤ìÃѺÃÔ¡ÒÃÊÒ¸ÒóÊØ¢äÁèãªè¡ÒÃà¢Õ¹ÊͧÊÒÁ¤ÓáÅéÇà«ç¹ª×èÍ áµèà»ç¹Ë¹Ñ§Ê×Í·ÕèÁÕÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕ´ÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´ à¾×èÍäÁèãËéà»ç¹¡ÒæèÒËÃ×Í¡Ò÷ÓÅÒªÕÇÔµâ´Âਵ¹Ò µÒÁ·ÕèÊӹѡ§Ò¹¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÊØ¢ÀÒ¾áËè§ªÒµÔ (ʪ.) à¼Âá¾Ãè à»ç¹àÍ¡ÊÒ÷ÕèãËé¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂâ´ÂÅÐàÍÕ´¨¹äÁè¹èҨзÓãËéà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁà¢éÒ㨼Դ ËÃ×ÍàÍÒ¼Ô´¡Ñºá¾·ÂìËÃ×ͺؤÅÒ¡ÃÊÒ¸ÒóÊØ¢·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢éͧ µÃ§¡Ñ¹¢éÒÁà»ç¹¡Òû¡»éͧºØ¤ÅÒ¡ÃàËÅèÒ¹ÕéÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ ÁÒµÃÒ 12 äÁèãªè euthanasia äÁèãªè¡ÒÃس¦ҵ áµèà»ç¹¡ÒêèÇÂãËé¼Ùé»èÇÂÁդسÀÒ¾ªÕÇÔµ·Õè´Õã¹ÇÒÃÐÊØ´·éÒ¢ͧªÕÇÔµ áÅÐãËéµÒÂ´Õ «Ö觡ÒÃÇÔ¹Ô¨©ÑÂÇèÒ ã¤Ã¶Ö§ÇÒÃÐÊØ´·éÒÂËÃ×ÍäÁèà»ç¹àÃ×èͧ·Õèá¾·Âì ¼Ùé»èÇ ­ÒµÔ¾Õè¹éͧÃèÇÁ¡Ñ¹¾Ô¨ÒÃ³Ò äÁèãªè¤ÇÒÁÃѺ¼Ô´ªÍº¢Í§á¾·Âì¼Ùéà´ÕÂÇ ÃÒ¡ ÈѾ·ì¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂà´ÔÁ¢Í§ euthanasia ¤×Í ¡ÒõÒ·Õè´Õ áµè¶Ù¡·ÓãËéà¾Õé¹仡ÅÒÂà»ç¹¡ÒæèÒÍÂèÒ§»ÃÒ¹Õ ¡Ã³Õ¢Í§ “ÁÒµÃÒ 12″¡çÍÒ¨àËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹ à»ç¹¡®ËÁÒ·ÕèʹѺʹعÊÔ·¸Ô¢Í§¼Ùé»èÇÂãËéÁդسÀÒ¾ªÕÇÔµ·Õè´Õ㹺Ñé¹»ÅÒ ¶Ù¡µÕ¤ÇÒÁãËéà»ç¹ “¡ÒÃس¦ҵ”ËÃ×ÍäÁèàªè¹¹Ñ鹡ç·ÓãËéá¾·ÂìàÊÕ觵Դ¤Ø¡ÁÒ¡ÂÔ觢Öé¹ «Öè§ËÒ¡ÍèÒ¹¡®ËÁÒ ¡®¡ÃзÃǧ áÅÐ˹ѧÊ×ÍáÊ´§à¨µ¹Ò»¯Ôàʸ¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒ ÇÔà¤ÃÒÐËìà¾Õ§´éÇÂÊÒÁÑ­ÊÓ¹Ö¡¸ÃÃÁ´Ò(äÁèµéͧãªéµÃáÐÊÙ§Êè§ÍÐäÃ) ¡çà¢éÒ㨷Ñé§ÊÒÃÐáÅÐਵ¹Ò¢Í§¡®ËÁÒ©ºÑº¹Õé ·Õè¨ÃÔ§ ¾ÃÐÃÒªºÑ­­ÑµÔÊØ¢ÀÒ¾áË觪ҵÔÍÍ¡ÁÒµÑé§áµè»Õ 2550 áÅСè͹˹éÒ¹ÕéÁÕ¡ÒÃàµÃÕÂÁ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ ¡Ò÷ӻÃЪҾԨÒÃ³ì ¡ÒèѴàÇ·ÕáÅÐÊÁѪªÒÊØ¢ÀÒ¾¤Ãͺ¤ÅØÁ·Ñ駻ÃÐà·È µÑé§áµèªØÁª¹¶Ö§ÃдѺªÒµÔ ¡è͹¨Ð»ÃСÒÈà»ç¹¡®¡ÃзÃǧàÁ×èÍà´×͹¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á·Õè¼èÒ¹ÁÒ ¤¹·Õè¤Ñ´¤éÒ¹à¾Ô觹֡ä´éËÃ×ÍÍÂèÒ§äÃäÁè·ÃÒº ¶Ö§ä´éÁÒÃéͧ¡Ñ¹àÍҵ͹¹Õé ·Ó ãËéËÅÒ¤¹à¢éÒã¨ÇèÒ ¤¹·ÕèâµéáÂé§áººÍéÒ§ËÅÑ¡ÈÒʹҺéÒ§¨ÃÔ¸ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃá¾·ÂìºéÒ§ ¨ÃÔ§æ áÅéǵéͧ¡ÒúԴàº×͹à¾×èͼŻÃÐ⪹ìáͺὧÍÐäÃËÃ×ÍäÁè à¾ÃÒÐáÁéáµèÈÒʹҤÃÔʵì·ÕèÇèÒ͹ØÃÑ¡Éì·ÕèÊØ´áÅéÇÂѧà»Ô´âÍ¡ÒÊãË餹ä´éÁÕ ¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ªÕÇÔµ·Õè´Õã¹ÇÒÃÐÊØ´·éÒ ÍÂÙè´ÕáÅеÒÂ´Õ Ë¹éÒ: 10(¢ÇÒ)Ad Value: 128,324 PRValue (x3): 384,972 20110907_1344_Section 12_Matichon

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